165 (353). Mystici Corporis, 1. c., pp 219-220; Denz. Dei gcnitricis, Hom. He sees Matthew as using antithetical parallelism contrasting the two gates, the two ways, sheep and Pius XII, Const. All these things, however, were done by way of preparation and as a figure of that new and perfect covenant, which was to be ratified in Christ, and of that fuller revelation which was to be given through the Word of God Himself made flesh. (17*), Our union with the Church in heaven is put into effect in its noblest manner especially in the sacred Liturgy, wherein the power of the Holy Spirit acts upon us through sacramental signs. (64), From Him "the whole body, supplied and built up by joints and ligaments, attains a growth that is of God". Pius XII, Alloc. (14) De praestantia sacrae virginitatis, cfr. John the Evangelist says of Him: "Through him was life, and this life was the light of the human race" (Jn 1:4). They live in the world, that is, in each and in all of the secular professions and occupations. "College" is not understood in a strictly juridical sense, that is as a group of equals who entrust their power to their president, but as a stable group whose structure and authority must be learned from Revelation. Their praise lives on in the Church of God. All the laity as a community and each one according to his ability must nourish the world with spiritual fruits. A Brief Look At "Lumen Gentium" In 1959, Pope John XXIII convened the Second Vatican Council. CHAPTER III: THE CHURCH IS HIERARCHICAL Funk, I, p. 154 s. (7) Cfr. Augustinus, Serm. 7. Orientalium Ecclesiarum, Decree On the Catholic Churches of the Eastern Rite, 1964. And there belong to or are related to it in various ways, the Catholic faithful, all who believe in Christ, and indeed the whole of mankind, for all men are called by the grace of God to salvation. et. Jesus cannot be understood apart from the history of Israel. (15) Cfr. Pius XII, Nuntius radioph. Tertull., Praescr. Embracing God's salvific will with a full heart and impeded by no sin, she devoted herself totally as a handmaid of the Lord to the person and work of her Son, under Him and with Him, by the grace of almighty God, serving the mystery of redemption. Trong c Ki-t, Gio Hi nh l b tch, ngha l du ch v phng tin hip thng mt thit vi Thin Cha v hp nht mi ngi . Haer. It also clarified the Church's mission as the universal . 1950: AAS 42 (1950) Denz. (235)(16*), 43. By reason of the gift and role of divine maternity, by which she is united with her Son, the Redeemer, and with His singular graces and functions, the Blessed Virgin is also intimately united with the Church. (41*), And this infallibility with which the Divine Redeemer willed His Church to be endowed in defining doctrine of faith and morals, extends as far as the deposit of Revelation extends, which must be religiously guarded and faithfully expounded. Lumen Gentium 16 Anonymous Christians, Pelagianism, and Islam Early Modern Catholic Reform and the Synod of Pistoia Shaun London Blanchard Marquette University Lumen Gentium Presentation Notes: 1 of 3 The Holy See Catholic Church' Subsists in the 'Catholic Church' 21. (10) Cfr. He is the image of the invisible God and in Him all things came into being. The Christian family loudly proclaims both the present virtues of the Kingdom of God and the hope of a blessed life to come. Vat. "(9*), 57. The task of proclaiming the Gospel everywhere on earth pertains to the body of pastors, to all of whom in common Christ gave His command, thereby imposing upon them a common duty, as Pope Celestine in his time recommended to the Fathers of the Council of Ephesus. (8) Cfr. Cfr. (37*) This variety of local churches with one common aspiration is splendid evidence of the catholicity of the undivided Church. Cfr. Officio sanctissimo, 22 dec. 1887: AAS 20 (1887) p. 264. (15) Conc. The Church's role in all of this is first and foremost to be the gateway through which every person and all of human society receives life in Christ. (122) This characteristic of universality which adorns the people of God is a gift from the Lord Himself. It is intended to be used alongside the original document to facilitate individual reflection and group discussion. Ad diem illum, 2 febr. Some indeed He has strengthened to the extent of the shedding of their blood. Deiparae: PG 86 (2), 3277-3312. . 36. (13) S. Clem. Ioannes XXIII, Alloc. I. Schema De Ecclesia Christi, cap. (42) It is described as the spotless spouse of the spotless Lamb,(43) whom Christ "loved and for whom He delivered Himself up that He might sanctify her",(44) whom He unites to Himself by an unbreakable covenant, and whom He unceasingly "nourishes and cherishes",(45) and whom, once purified, He willed to be cleansed and joined to Himself, subject to Him in love and fidelity,(46) and whom, finally, He filled with heavenly gifts for all eternity, in order that we may know the love of God and of Christ for us, a love which surpasses all knowledge. l9S8: AAS S0 (145R ) p. 220: Ia Iegittima sana laicita dello Stato .. (7) Cfr. The Dogmatic Constitution on the Church is a central document that increased the authority, identity, and the mission of the church. Each and all these items which are set forth in this dogmatic Constitution have met with the approval of the Council Fathers. 15:28). Romanos Pontifices, 8 maii 1881: AAS 13 (1880-81) p. 483. 2008 2382 et passim. (24*) The entire body of the faithful pours forth instant supplications to the Mother of God and Mother of men that she, who aided the beginnings of the Church by her prayers, may now, exalted as she is above all the angels and saints, intercede before her Son in the fellowship of all the saints, until all families of people, whether they are honored with the title of Christian or whether they still do not know the Saviour, may be happily gathered together in peace and harmony into one people of God, for the glory of the Most Holy and Undivided Trinity. The state of this people is that of the dignity and freedom of the sons of God, in whose hearts the Holy Spirit dwells as in His temple. . These actions consist in the use of the sacraments and in a special way the Eucharist, frequent participation in the sacred action of the Liturgy, application of oneself to prayer, self-abnegation, lively fraternal service and the constant exercise of all the virtues. Damascenus, Enc. (180) For the sick and the sinners among the faithful, they exercise the ministry of alleviation and reconciliation and they present the needs and the prayers of the faithful to God the Father. Can., can. What specifically characterizes the laity is their secular nature. Plurimae inseriptione in Catacumbis romanis. in B. V. Nat. November 21, 1964. 23. Leo XIII, Epist. (76) This Church constituted and organized in the world as a society, subsists in the Catholic Church, which is governed by the successor of Peter and by the Bishops in communion with him,(13*) although many elements of sanctification and of truth are found outside of its visible structure. Answers to the Most Common Objections Against Sedevacantism The Holy See They are fully incorporated in the society of the Church who, possessing the Spirit of Christ accept her entire system and all the means of salvation given to her, and are united with her as part of her visible bodily structure and through her with Christ, who rules her through the Supreme Pontiff and the bishops. Already from the beginning of the world the foreshadowing of the Church took place. XV, 21 ct 24: ed. Haer, 111 24, 1: PG 7, 966 B; Harvey 2, 13i, ed. 71, 20, 33: PL 38, 463 s. S. Io. In the second chapter, an overview of the development of the discipline of theology of religions within the Roman Catholic tradition is presented. etia Pius XII, Litt. Now the laity are called in a special way to make the Church present and operative in those places and circumstances where only through them can it become the salt of the earth (2*). And let the bishop regard his priests as his co-workers and as sons and friends, just as Christ called His disciples now not servants but friends. S. Cyprianus, Epist. (16) De praxi effectiva consiliorum quae non omnibus imponitur, cfr. (68) Cfr. For our Lord placed Simon alone as the rock and the bearer of the keys of the Church,(156) and made him shepherd of the whole flock;(157) it is evident, however, that the power of binding and loosing, which was given to Peter,(158) was granted also to the college of apostles, joined with their head. Leo XIII, Epist. 68. (109) (7*) From the wedlock of Christians there comes the family, in which new citizens of human society are born, who by the grace of the Holy Spirit received in baptism are made children of God, thus perpetuating the people of God through the centuries. Pius XII, Nunius radioph., 24 oct. 1954: AAS 46 (1954) p. 679. (35) On this foundation the Church is built by the apostles,(36) and from it the Church receives durability and consolidation. October 2012 is the 50 th Anniversary of the opening of the Second Vatican Council.Pope Benedict XVI declared October 11, 2012 until November 24, 2013 a Year of Faith.He said: It will be a moment of grace and commitment to a more complete conversion to God, to strengthen (31) That land, like a choice vineyard, has been planted by the heavenly Husbandman. 46 (47) 2: PG 58, 78, de fermento in massa. (11*) A like example, but one given in a different way, is that offered by widows and single people, who are able to make great contributions toward holiness and apostolic endeavor in the Church. This is explicitly affirmed in n. 22, 12, and is explained at the end of that section. 4, 3: PL 54, 151 A. 35 Mt 21:42; cf. Pastor aeternus, 3: Denz. Pius XII, Litt. 4. The Church, then, considers martyrdom as an exceptional gift and as the fullest proof of love. ad Episcopol Geraniae, 12 mart. 16:15), it may bring to all men that light of Christ which shines out visibly from the Church. Sitting at the right hand of the Father, He is continually active in the world that He might lead men to the Church and through it join them to Himself and that He might make them partakers of His glorious life by nourishing them with His own Body and Blood. Then, by its own power the seed sprouts and grows until harvest time. 6, 1; Ed. 3, ad 1. (3*) The Spirit and the Bride both say to Jesus, the Lord, "Come! Cfr. The religious state clearly manifests that the Kingdom of God and its needs, in a very special way, are raised above all earthly considerations. Pius XII, Alloc. Chapter 1: The Roles of Bishops in Lumen Gentium; pp. 3: Denz. Epist. I, Const. (126) But the plan of salvation also includes those who acknowledge the Creator. 1947: AAS 39 (1947) p. 120 ss. c. Donat. Gentium. 177-178, Denz. II-II, q. He is before all creatures and in Him all things hold together. (214) He united her to Himself as His own body and brought it to perfection by the gift of the Holy Spirit for God's glory. The supreme and eternal Priest, Christ Jesus, since he wills to continue his witness and service also through the laity, vivifies them in this Spirit and increasingly urges them on to every good and perfect work. Unusquisque proprium donum (idion charisma) habet ex Deo: alius quidem sic alius vero sic .. Cfr. (23*) Following the study of Sacred Scripture, the Holy Fathers, the doctors and liturgy of the Church, and under the guidance of the Church's magisterium, let them rightly illustrate the duties and privileges of the Blessed Virgin which always look to Christ, the source of all truth, sanctity and piety. 117:22. If they fail moreover to respond to that grace in thought, word and deed, not only shall they not be saved but they will be the more severely judged.(13*). 44, 7: PG SS, 193. Satis cognitum, 29 iun. All the faithful, scattered though they be throughout the world, are in communion with each other in the Holy Spirit, and so, he who dwells in Rome knows that the people of India are his members"(9*). 16:18; Eph. Mystici Corporis, 19 iun. 4. (272)(5*) Thus by their brotherly interest our weakness is greatly strengthened. 8, a. Bishops thus, by praying and laboring for the people, make outpourings in many ways and in great abundance from the fullness of Christ's holiness. 5. 21:24. Richard Cecka. 4 ad 3. 20:4. (289) When the Child Jesus was lost and they had sought Him sorrowing, His parents found Him in the temple, taken up with the things that were His Father's business; and they did not understand the word of their Son. Pius XI, Litt. Leo XIII, Epist. Lumen Gentium 16 Posted on 28 August 2006 by catholicsensibility Non-Christians get a look by the council bishops, starting with Judaism: Finally, those who have not yet received the Gospel are related in various ways to the people of God. These questions are left to theologians to discussspecifically the question of the power exercised de facto among the separated Eastern Churches, about which there are various explanations.". 6-9 (10-13); Symb. Hartel, p. 696. He therefore chose the race of Israel as a people unto Himself. By reason of their state and rank in life they have their own special gift among the people of God. And for this reason the apostles, appointed as rulers in this society, took care to appoint successors. X, Apologia Pauperum, c. 3, 3: cd. A question has arisen regarding the precise theological note which should be attached to the doctrine that is set forth in the Schema de Ecclesia and is being put to a vote. The Word of the Lord is compared to a seed which is sown in a field;(19) those who hear the Word with faith and become part of the little flock of Christ,(20) have received the Kingdom itself. (283) "He for us men, and for our salvation, came down from heaven, and was incarnate by the Holy Spirit from the Virgin Mary. Deiparae, III: col. 361 D. S. Io. I: Mansi 52, 1213 AC. Benedictus XV, Decretum approbationis virtutum in Causa beatificationis et canonizationis Servi Dei Ioannis Nepomuecni Neumann: AAS 14 (1922 p. 23; plures Allocutiones Pii X de Sanetis: Inviti all'croismo Diseorsi t. I-III, Romae 1941-1942, passim; Pius XII, Discorsi Radiomessagi, t. 10, 1949, pp 37-43. The bishops are owed this respect because of their pastoral authority in their own churches and because of the need of unity and harmony in the apostolate.(8*). Summary and Analysis of Chapter VIll of LUMEN GENTIUM Ch. (4) Cfr. These laymen spend themselves completely in apostolic labors, working the Lord's field with much success.(10*). Many of them rejoice in the episcopate, celebrate the Holy Eucharist and cultivate devotion toward the Virgin Mother of God. At the end of time it will gloriously achieve completion, when, as is read in the Fathers, all the just, from Adam and "from Abel, the just one, to the last of the elect,"(2*) will be gathered together with the Father in the universal Church. Tr. (7) Cfr. (98) For He has bought it for Himself with His blood,(99) has filled it with His Spirit and provided it with those means which befit it as a visible and social union. XV, et Adnot. 645 et 739. Origenes, In Matth. The obligation of spreading the faith is imposed on every disciple of Christ, according to his state. But often men, deceived by the Evil One, have become vain in their reasonings and have exchanged the truth of God for a lie, serving the creature rather than the Creator. Umbratilem, 8 iul. (163), The canonical mission of bishops can come about by legitimate customs that have not been revoked by the supreme and universal authority of the Church, or by laws made or recognized be that the authority, or directly through the successor of Peter himself; and if the latter refuses or denies apostolic communion, such bishops cannot assume any office.(38*). Ad coeli Reginam, 11 oct. 1954: AAS 46 (1954) p. 637. - S. Germanus Constantinop., in S. Dei gen. dorm. (4) Cfr. . Cfr. For, as St. Irenaeus says, she "being obedient, became the cause of salvation for herself and for the whole human race. 78, 18: PG 42, 728 CD; 729 AB. It may also be conferred upon suitable young men, for whom the law of celibacy must remain intact. They are, by reason of the knowledge, competence or outstanding ability which they may enjoy, permitted and sometimes even obliged to express their opinion on those things which concern the good of the Church (7*). Symbolum Apostolicum: Denz. 25. Dogm. (20) Conc. The faithful, therefore, must learn the deepest meaning and the value of all creation, as well as its role in the harmonious praise of God. Pius XII, Litt. This is done in virtue of his primacy over the entire Church in order to more fully provide for the necessities of the entire flock of the Lord and in consideration of the common good. (55), As all the members of the human body, though they are many, form one body, so also are the faithful in Christ. But they are by reason of their particular vocation especially and professedly ordained to the sacred ministry. The Church, whose mystery is being set forth by this Sacred Synod, is believed to be indefectibly holy. Reviewed in the United States on December 16, 2021. 2. Attentively in Christ, let them consider with fatherly love the projects, suggestions and desires proposed by the laity. 27-28. Since the Supreme Pontiff is head of the College, he alone is able to perform certain actions which are not at all within the competence of the bishops, e.g., convoking the College and directing it, approving norms of action, etc. 163 Cf Acts 1:17, 25; 21:19; Rom. God's covenant relationship with the chosen people 'I will . His mind and will in the matter may be known either from the character of the documents, from his frequent repetition of the same doctrine, or from his manner of speaking. - S. Io. dogm. 16:13) and unifying her in communion and in the works of ministry, he bestows upon her varied hierarchic and charismatic gifts, and in . The parallel between Peter and the rest of the Apostles on the one hand, and between the Supreme Pontiff and the bishops on the other hand, does not imply the transmission of the Apostles' extraordinary power to their successors; nor does it imply, as is obvious, equality between the head of the College and its members, but only a proportionality between the first relationship (Peter-Apostles) and the second (Pope-bishops). Lumen Gentium Summary Understanding what the Church is helps us understanding role & mission of Church Church as sign & instrument of God Fellowship or communion as Church reflects communion or fellowship found within the Trinity ALL are called to holiness, with Mary as example of response to this call Lumen Gentiumlays ground work for Christ proposed to His disciples this form of life, which He, as the Son of God, accepted in entering this world to do the will of the Father. "All Christians in any state or walk of life are called to the fullness of Christian life and to the perfection of charity. Pius XII, Litt. It is no wonder therefore that the usage prevailed among the Fathers whereby they called the mother of God entirely holy and free from all stain of sin, as though fashioned by the Holy Spirit and formed as a new creature. etiam Mt. Conc. Consequently, may every opportunity be given them so that, according to their abilities and the needs of the times, they may zealously participate in the saving work of the Church. (4) Cfr., i. a., S. Augustinus, Enarr. in Ps. Oec. Read more. 26-30. 12, 15: PG 33, 741 AB. Furthermore, it not only witnesses to the fact of a new and eternal life acquired by the redemption of Christ, but it foretells the future resurrection and the glory of the heavenly kingdom. He is the beginning, the firstborn from the dead, that in all things He might have the first place. (293) After this manner the Blessed Virgin advanced in her pilgrimage of faith, and faithfully persevered in her union with her Son unto the cross, where she stood, in keeping with the divine plan,(294) grieving exceedingly with her only begotten Son, uniting herself with a maternal heart with His sacrifice, and lovingly consenting to the immolation of this Victim which she herself had brought forth. Pastor aeternis: Denz. Pius XII Litt. 2, 3: ib., p. 242. 63 Cf. Sources Chret., pp. 238 Cf Eph. 34. (desumpta ex.S. They should ever nourish and strengthen their action from an abundance of contemplation, doing all this for the comfort of the entire Church of God. (6) Cfr. Satis cognitum, 1. c., p. 713. II-II, q. Virg. For all of them shall know Me, from the least of them even to the greatest, saith the Lord. Apost. (169) This power, which they personally exercise in Christ's name, is proper, ordinary and immediate, although its exercise is ultimately regulated by the supreme authority of the Church, and can be circumscribed by certain limits, for the advantage of the Church or of the faithful. Just as the sacraments of the New Law, by which the life and the apostolate of the faithful are nourished, prefigure a new heaven and a new earth,(204) so too the laity go forth as powerful proclaimers of a faith in things to be hoped for,(205) when they courageously join to their profession of faith a life springing from faith. 13-16. (10*), In virtue of this catholicity each individual part contributes through its special gifts to the good of the other parts and of the whole Church. Is explained At the end of that section maii 1881: AAS 20 ( 1887 ) p. 483 7 Cfr! 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