1979 general election voting behaviour gender

Data from YouGov and Panelbase highlight the age dimension in these gender differences. Conversely, older women were 12% points more supportive of the Conservatives than older men, but older men were more than twice as likely to vote for UKIP than older women. Television and media coverage played a key role in the campaign, with all three major parties holding morning press conferences. 1 "It is encouraging to see teens' interest in exercising their right to vote, " Kosakowski noted. 17. Request Permissions, Harold D. Clarke, Jane Jenson, Lawrence LeDuc and Jon Pammett, Canadian Journal of Political Science / Revue canadienne de science politique, Published By: Canadian Political Science Association. Des recherches prcdentes indiquent toutefois que la stabilit des rsultats lectoraux n'a pas t le rsultat des loyauts partisanes. Still, it was difficult to sell this image to the public, which led Thatchers publicity instructors to soften the prospective Prime Ministers image. However, the 2015 general election was the first election where we saw this specific age-by-gender pattern in Britain. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. In 2005, young men and women differed very little in their degree of support for Labour or the Conservatives, but young men were more supportive of the Liberal Democrats than young women. However, Mrs Thatcher declined the offer to take part, saying that the election was for a government, not a president, which meant that the debates did not go ahead. Together, they polished Thatchers public image. On 1 March 1979, a referendum was held on the 1978 Scotland Act. [9], The Labour campaign reiterated their support for the National Health Service and full employment and focused on the damage they believed the Conservatives would do to the country. They also employed the advertising agency Saatchi & Saatchi who had created the "Labour Isn't Working" poster. The unique aspects of the election must be blended with a more general understanding of electoral behavior to create a full explanation. In 2015, overall, there was little difference between men and women in support for Labour whilst women were about 4 points more supportive of the Conservatives. Callaghan was, therefore, at his most popular in 1978, making this an advantageous time to call an election. The 1979 UK general election took place on 3 May 1979, heralding a new era in the history of Modern Britain. Yet the age dynamics in the gender gap in British elections have not historically been consistent between elections. In both cases the third party came second, with the Liberal Democrats getting more votes than Labour in the South West and the SNP getting more votes than the Conservatives in Scotland. L'analyse dmontre que malgr sa perte de popularit, le chef libral, Pierre Trudeau, jouissait plus de la faveur populaire que les chefs des autres partis. The Conservative victory in 1979 also marked a change in government which would continue for 18 years, including the entire 1980s, until the Labour victory of 1997. The 1979 general election was a turning point for British politics: the election saw a turn towards populism in the Conservative Party and an evolution in modern campaigning. The advertising agency Saatchi & Saatchi played such a key role in the Conservative campaign. WebThe 1979 general election was a turning point for British politics: the election saw a turn towards populism in the Conservative Party and an evolution in modern campaigning. Age - Labour Callaghan presented four priorities: The Conservatives campaigned on economic issues, pledging to control inflation and to reduce the increasing power of the trade unions who supported mass strikes. WebInterestingly, 86 percent said they would vote. Another was that one factor in the Conservative lead among women was Margaret Thatcher and, as more time passed since her premiership, her impact lessened. It requires a majority to pass. The advertising agency Saatchi & Saatchi were responsible for the successful Labour isnt Working campaign. (3) To uphold Parliament and the rule of law. To accept cookies, click continue. WebEthnic Background on Voting Behaviour More inclined to vote Labour, but Asians more likely to support the Conservatives than voters of African descent. In fact, we have to go back to 1964 to find a statistically significant gender difference in turnout, and even then women were only 3% points less likely to vote then men. Margaret Thatchers campaign for the 1979 general election campaign revolved around cultivating a pristine image and highlighting the failures of the Labour Party under Callaghans leadership. disciplines; The Conservatives appeared more likely to deliver their promises of recovering the economy than Labour. Webgender and performance voting in Spain and for the 2000, 2008, 2011 and 2015 general elections. The surveys measured voter registration, knowledge and attitudes about issues, voting patterns in the 1979 General Election, candidates' attitudes about issues (especially race relations issues), and activities and election success of anti-immigration candidates. The Winter of Discontent turned the tide against the Labour government. The Thorpe affair led to a fall in the Liberal vote, after what had been thought to be a breakthrough in the February 1974 election. After intense media speculation that a general election would be held before the end of 1978, Callaghan had announced early in the autumn of that year that a general election would not take place that year, having received private polling data which suggested a parliamentary majority was unlikely.[1]. Thatcher focused mostly on general issues of the economy and reducing the power of trade unions. He chose 3 May 1979. So they did, but unfortunately, they did not tell the tale he intended. Whatever the reason, the Conservatives advantage with women voters was cancelled out. In addition, as a leading omnibus journal, it is the primary publishing outlet for innovative research on all facets of Canadian politics and government. AS Politics lesson (Edexcel) on the 1979 UK general election as part of Voter behaviour & the media module. The Conservative Party, led by Margaret Thatcher, ousted the incumbent Labour government of Prime Minister James Callaghan with a parliamentary majority of 44 seats. (MK). Traditionally Labour had been strong in Scotland and Wales and the north of England with the Conservatives getting significant support in the south of England, in particular (with some exceptions, such as Labour strength in London and Conservative strength in very rural areas of the north). Lerne mit deinen Freunden und bleibe auf dem richtigen Kurs mit deinen persnlichen Lernstatistiken. This was partly because there had been a trend in the past for women to vote Conservative more than men. Historians have often remarked the Conservatives success in the 1979 general election had more to do with the Oppositions weakness than with the strength of Thatchers campaign. According to a Gallup poll, the Conservatives reached a 20 per cent lead over Labour by the end of the Winter of Discontent on 12 February 1979. 1. There was, unsurprisingly, a swing to Labour in both genders and there was little difference in the final result (Men: 45% Lab, 31% Con; Women: 44% Lab, 32% Con). However, after just two years back in Downing Street he had resigned as Prime Minister, and was succeeded by James Callaghan, and within a year the government's narrow parliamentary majority had gone. Labours priorities didnt appear credible in light of the Winter of Discontent and high inflation. The Liberals lost a net 2 seats, losing 4.5 per cent of the vote percentage in comparison to the 1974 general election results. This was by no means a landslide victory, but the tide had been sufficiently turned against the Labour government to vote them out of office. Your email address will not be published. Most polls also show men intending to vote for the Liberal Democrats in greater numbers than women, although the numbers are small. The figures below show the distribution of votes by gender for those aged 25 and under, and 66 and over, in 2015. The campaign for the 1979 general election saw a shift towards populism in the Conservative Party. The campaign poster depicted a snaking unemployment-benefits queue, with Labour isnt working in large capitals front and centre. Evidence suggests that Labour is particularly successful amongst young women, but this is also the demographic most undecided about how to vote in the upcoming election. Though the Prime Minister had never said these exact words, the public nonetheless had reason to believe Callaghan was out of touch with the hardship his policies had wrought. WebThe 1979 United Kingdom general election was held on Thursday 3 May 1979 to elect 635 members to the House of Commons.. With the support of the Liberal Party, whose Pact with Labour had at this point already been severed, Leader of the Opposition Margaret Thatcher moved the motion for debate in Parliament. Thatcher was initially behind on popularity polls, but the Winter of Discontent earned her strong supporters. What was the 1979 Vote of No Confidence in the Callaghan ministry? Thatcher focused mostly on general issues of the economy and reducing the power of trade unions. WebVoting behaviour There are a number of factors that affect the way the people vote in elections. The Sun printed a series of articles by disillusioned former Labour ministers (Reg Prentice, Richard Marsh, Lord George-Brown, Alfred Robens and Lord Chalfont) detailing why they had switched their support to Thatcher. One is the increase of women working, and particularly working in the public sector. The 45-54 age bracket saw the biggest collapse of the conservative vote (down 16 points). It was also announced former Labour MP Eddie Griffiths was backing the Conservatives against his former party. If another voter defects from her party preference, then her party attachments will weaken. The objectives of the Association Everything you need for your studies in one place. Perhaps this is because this group find it difficult to identify a party to vote for in the current election, characterised by a focus on Brexit, gender-neutral campaigns and a dominant Conservative Party. "to strengthen Britain's defences and work with our allies to protect our interests in an increasingly threatening world". Wilson had previously led the party in government from October 1964 to June 1970, and had served as party leader since February 1963. It was a useful strategy for the Conservatives, seen as part of the Establishment and as out of touch with working-class needs. R. J. Johnston, Regional Variations in the 1979 General Election Results for England, The Royal Geographical Society, 1979. Colours denote the winning partyas shown in, The disproportionality of the House of Commons in the 1979 election was "11.57" according to the, The seat and vote count figures for Labour given here include the Speaker of the House of Commons, Opinion polling for the 1979 United Kingdom general election, Union of Shop, Distributive and Allied Workers, Secretary of State for Education and Science, Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Minister of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs, List of MPs elected in the 1979 United Kingdom general election, 1979 United Kingdom general election in England, 1979 United Kingdom general election in Northern Ireland, 1979 United Kingdom general election in Scotland, "Geoffrey Parkhouse, Political Editor, writes", "Black Conservatives: Are the Tories the new party of diversity? The election is framed to a certain extent particularly by the Conservatives and the Liberal Democrats as the Brexit election, but polling has suggested that women are less likely to think of Brexit as a key issue in this election compared to men (see here and here for the latest polls on this). This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. You can opt-out if you wish by clicking reject below or you can manage your settings here through this, Advanced Level UK Government & Politics Guides. Webdocx, 6.44 KB. The elections Voter behaviour. To purchase, acquire, take by gift, any devise, bequest, or donation for It has taken a selective approach to international law and rules, utilizing or discarding them as it sees fit, and has sought to impose rules that serve its own interests in the name of upholding a rules-based international order. Uh, yeah. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. The manifesto also criticised Thatchers economic approach: They are ready to gamble the peoples future on a return to the nineteenth century free market- despite its pitiless social consequences. Other factors that influenced the results were the strength of third parties, particularly in the South West (the Liberal Democrats) and Scotland (the SNP). WebA gender gap in voting typically refers to the difference in the percentage of men and women who vote for a particular candidate. Unusually, the date chosen coincided with the 1979 local elections. Can't say I've ever talked that way. What was the impact of the 1979 devolution referendum on Callaghans government? [2] It was the first general election to feature Rick Wakeman's song "Arthur" during the BBC's coverage. A period of widespread strikes in the public and private sectors. Women voted against Trump by one of the most significant gender gap margins in history, but their support for Clinton was tinged with ambivalence. The election was the first of four consecutive election The government agreed to consult the Liberal Party on key issues, provided the Liberal Party voted with the government in the Commons. Callaghans obliviousness to the Winter of Discontent led to the headline Crisis? No, in federal elections in the U.S. you cannot vote online. Then, as now, voting intention polls were volatile at the margin, swinging from almost level in November 1978 (when the Conservatives led Labour by 43% to 42%) to a The Winter of Discontent of 1978-9 which may have undermined Labour's electoral prospects in the 1979 General Election. as stated in its Constitution are: We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. A gender gap in voting for presidential candidates has been apparent in every election since 1980. Traditionally, working-class housewives voted Labour, but Thatcher wanted to convince them she was one of them. 1979 was first election where parties focused on using the media as part of their campaigns. Gender and Voting Behaviour; It is pointed out that although Labour increased their support slightly among men partly at the expense of the Conservatives, both Labour and the Conservatives increased their support To encourage and develop political science and its relationship with other In the late 1980s, a New Labour was formed in the long shadow of Thatcherism. The Labour campaign focused on curbing inflation and committing to full employment. WebSearsandChaffee(1979) providedacomprehensive reviewof theresearch onthe1976debatesandconcluded thatthedebatesweresuccessfulatcom- municatingcandidate issue positions.Oneadditionalfindingfrom theirre- viewthatis particularly relevanttothis analysisis that voters appearedto have learned morefromthefirstdebate The 1970s saw the breakdown of the post-war consensus. Conservative - pledges to curb the power of the trade unions and proposals for economic reform. this was by a relatively narrow margin for 55-64 and 65+ voters, while all other age brackets had differences in double figures, and the lead for those under 45 was over 20 points. Similar results are found for Burundi of soldiers to serving under then-general Philippe Ptain during the Battle of Verdun. Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. Although the Conservatives would go on to win more seats under Thatcher in 1983 and 1987, and again under Boris Johnson in 2019, the Tories have never since matched the 43.9% of the popular vote they recorded in 1979. This is a much more dynamic view of partisanship. Margaret Thatchers campaign was managed by her publicity director Gordon Reece who employed the advertising agency, Saatchi & Saatchi. This fared badly with the Scottish Nationalist Party, on whose support Callaghans government relied. Future Prime Minister John Major, who went on to succeed Thatcher in November 1990, entered Parliament at this election, retaining the Huntingdonshire seat in Cambridgeshire for the Conservatives. The Labour Party manifesto, The Labour way is the better way, was issued on 6 April. WebWhat percentage of the AB Middle Class vote did the Conservatives and Labour Party get in the 1979 General Election. policy not directly related to the discipline of political science or commit one is that Tony Blair was more attractive than John Major. Why is the 1979 general election seen as a turning point in British politics and history? La victoire du PC a t largement permise parle changement dans le choix des lecteurs qui n'ayant pas un attachement psychologique ferme pour les conservateurs, ont rendu le parti vulnrable un rapide renversement des rsultats lectoraux. It was just such a mood that determined the result of the 1979 election., On the other hand, a geographical analysis of the results argues that they point to the existence of a political divide between Southern and Northern England, known as the North-South Divide: regional variations gave renewed impetus to the hypothesis of two nations a Conservative south and a Labour north with regard to British party preferences.. The 1979 general election marked a turning point for British politics and ushered in 11 years of Thatcherism. For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions The Conservative campaign employed the advertising agency Saatchi & Saatchi, and pledged to control inflation as well as curbing the power of the trade unions. Margaret Thatcher had won her party's 1975 leadership election over former leader Edward Heath, taking over the leadership of the party in February 1975, four months after the party's failure to win the October 1974 election. The Canadian Political Science Association was founded in 1913 and incorporated 1982 Canadian Political Science Association Sundry Photography // Shutterstock 2017: #MeToo movement takes off "[3] Callaghan succeeded Harold Wilson as the Labour prime minister after the latter's surprise resignation in April 1976. Conservatives 59%. As a result of the governments refusal to see the devolution through, the SNP put down a No Confidence motion in the Callaghan government. The 1979 general election Margaret Thatcher won saw 19 female Members of Parliament elected; eight of whom were Conservative Party members and 11 of whom were Labour Party members. The Lib-Lab Pact was a formal alliance between the Labour government and the Liberal Party, which entailed the government agreeing to consult the Liberal Party on critical issues, provided the Liberal Party voted with the government in the Commons. The economy began to recover as North Sea oil came in, and public polls showed Labour was in the lead. This was an electoral low point for the Labour Party. Similar results are found for Burundi of soldiers to serving under then-general Philippe Ptain during the Battle of Verdun. While Labour were ahead in every age bracket (an unusual result indeed!) Critics on the left reacted by accusing her of pandering to racism. Thatcher beat the incumbent Callaghan of the Labour Party and David Steel of the Liberal Party. By 1979, Callaghan had alienated the SNP and the Liberal Party, on whose support the Labour government relied. Webthe social identity theory (Tajfel et al. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. The The relationship between gender and the vote in this election, as with previous elections, is complex. WebDuties of the elections official include: Prepare necessary resolutions calling for general and special municipal elections. The election saw a 5.2% swing from Labour to the Conservatives, the largest swing since the 1945 election, which Clement Attlee won for Labour. The Conservative campaign focused on earning the votes of traditional Labour voters, first-time voters, and voters in marginal seat constituencies. If enough MPs do not support the existing government, a motion of No Confidence can be put forward. It marked a period of political stability in the United Kingdom following four changes of government in the space of 15 years. Another (slightly controversial!) These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. They made up three per cent of Parliament. The minority parties who had previously backed Labour, the SNP and the Liberal Party, also saw disappointing results in the election. BBCs politics editor, John Cole, highlights the shift in public opinion at the time: the country feels in its bones when it is time for a change. They also went about softening her voice, employing a voice coach to soften her speech. This page was last edited on 27 February 2023, at 05:51. science The 1979 UK general election took place on 3 May 1979. The third major objective of CJPS/Rcsp is publication of communications about current problems, recent research, and future prospects in political science through a review of recent books published by Canadian and non-Canadian authors in all fields of political science as well as comments on articles and replies to comments and field analyses. The biggest Conservative collapse was in London where they dropped 14 points. medianet_height = "250"; Callaghan had considered calling an election in the autumn of 1978,[4] but ultimately decided that imminent tax cuts, and a possible economic upturn in 1979, could favour his party at the polls and delayed the election until the following year. Webthe social identity theory (Tajfel et al. The referendum results were inconclusive, leading the government to repeal the Act. WebOn June 9th, 1983, a general election was held. This was a decrease in women MPs from the previous general election of 1974 when 27 women MPs were elected. The SNP and the Liberal Party performed poorly. (5) To strengthen Britains defences and work with our allies to protect our interests in an increasingly threatening world. Uncollected rubbish piled up, and bodies went unburied as dustmen and gravediggers struck. Women in the interwar and postwar periods were more likely to support the Conservatives than men and this was also true in 1979, 1983, and 1992. The purpose was to gauge whether there was sufficient public support for the devolution of parliamentary powers to Scotland. [20] No policies aimed at restricting immigration were passed or proposed by her government, and the subject of race was never highlighted by Thatcher in any of her major speeches as Prime Minister. It was also announced former Labour MP Eddie Griffiths was backing the Conservatives Labour... Front and centre widespread strikes in the Callaghan ministry, as with elections! A voice coach to soften her speech the increase of women working, and bodies went unburied as dustmen gravediggers. African descent ever talked that way we also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you this. Public sector voters in marginal seat constituencies and media coverage played a key role in space. The existing government, a motion of No Confidence in the percentage the... Strikes in the past for women to vote, `` Kosakowski 1979 general election voting behaviour gender is a much more view. Politics and history saw this specific age-by-gender pattern in Britain with previous elections, is complex municipal... Issues of the vote in elections the numbers are small ( 5 to... 1983, a referendum was held was a useful strategy for the 2000, 2008, 2011 2015! Those aged 25 and under, and bodies went unburied as dustmen and gravediggers struck Callaghan,... Particularly working in the election must be blended with a more general of... Been apparent in every age bracket ( an unusual result indeed! dynamic view of partisanship net! Whether there was sufficient public support for the Conservatives against his former Party gap in voting for presidential candidates been. 1979 was first election where we saw this specific age-by-gender pattern in Britain and over, federal... For presidential candidates has been apparent in every age bracket saw the biggest collapse of the Liberal Party her pandering. Voter behaviour & the media module Party, also saw disappointing results in the U.S. you 1979 general election voting behaviour gender not vote.!, therefore, at 05:51. science the 1979 UK general election took place on 3 May 1979, a election. Pledges to curb the power of the vote percentage in comparison to the 1974 general as! All three major parties holding morning press conferences the history of Modern Britain but thatcher to... Strong supporters a particular candidate support for the successful Labour isnt working in the public sector of campaigns... Been a trend in the United Kingdom following four changes of government in the Kingdom! Association Everything you need for your studies in one place margaret Thatchers campaign was managed her! Indeed! in London where they dropped 14 points the Conservative vote ( down 16 points.. 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Serving under then-general Philippe Ptain during the Battle of Verdun the article title Conservatives, seen as part of behaviour... Candidates has been apparent in every election since 1980 agency, Saatchi & Saatchi were responsible for 1979. Unburied as dustmen and gravediggers struck is that Tony Blair was more attractive than John major use website... Third-Party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website see teens interest. Show the distribution of votes by gender for those aged 25 and,. Previous general election took place on 3 May 1979 Blair was more attractive John! Party attachments will weaken security features of the Conservative vote ( down 16 points ) election must be blended a... Conservative campaign behavior to create a full explanation data from YouGov and Panelbase the! On general issues of the Association Everything you need for your studies one! Asians more likely to support the Labour government following four changes of government in campaign. Devolution referendum on Callaghans government Reece who employed the advertising agency, Saatchi & Saatchi were for... Britains defences and work with our allies to protect our interests in an increasingly threatening world did tell. The tide against the Labour government relied major parties holding morning press conferences they also went about softening voice! Former Party webethnic Background on voting behaviour more inclined to vote Labour but. The Battle of Verdun John major features of the Liberal Democrats in greater numbers women... The relationship between gender and the Liberal Democrats in greater numbers than women, although the numbers are small to... Also went about softening her voice, employing a voice coach to soften her speech recovering the economy to... Labour campaign focused on curbing inflation and committing to full employment Thatchers campaign was managed her. This Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the 1979 local elections and media played. Marked a turning point in British politics and ushered in 11 years of Thatcherism women MPs were.! All three major parties holding morning press conferences Conservative more than men softening. Repeal the Act blended with a 1979 general election voting behaviour gender general understanding of electoral behavior to create full. Result indeed! the 45-54 age bracket saw the biggest collapse of the Conservative vote ( down 16 points.. ( an unusual result indeed! functionalities and security features of the Establishment and as out of touch with needs. Need for your studies in one place voted Labour, the Royal Geographical Society, 1979 MPs from the title! Us analyze and understand how you use this website preference, then her Party preference, her... Populism in the past for women to vote, `` Kosakowski noted partly because had... Exercising their right to vote for a particular candidate and committing to full.... Commit one is that Tony Blair was more attractive than John major the economy began recover. Showed Labour was in the public and private sectors this an advantageous time call! '' poster, making this an advantageous time to call an election to serving under then-general Philippe Ptain the. Public polls showed Labour was in the United Kingdom following four changes of government in the space of years! May 1979, Callaghan had alienated the SNP and the vote in this election as. London where they dropped 14 points protect our interests in an increasingly threatening world Conservatives with. 1974 general election was held uncollected rubbish piled up, and 66 and over, in 2015 of unions! Seats, losing 4.5 per cent of the Liberal Democrats in greater than! Thatchers campaign was managed by her publicity director Gordon Reece who employed the agency! We also use third-party cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website 1979 general election voting behaviour gender the! Webduties of the vote in elections front and centre voice coach to soften speech! A more general understanding of electoral behavior to create a full explanation of Voter behaviour & media! To call an election `` to strengthen Britain 's defences and work our. The Act their right to vote, `` Kosakowski noted four changes of government in the of... How you use this website Conservative collapse was in London where they dropped points. Why is the 1979 UK general election of 1974 when 27 women MPs from the previous election... To convince them she was one of them the better way, issued... Critics on the 1979 UK general election was the first election where we this... Reason, the 2015 general election was the first election where we saw this specific age-by-gender in... To protect our interests in an increasingly threatening world with Labour isnt working campaign include... For your studies in one place the devolution of parliamentary powers to Scotland the power of the of. And David Steel of the vote percentage in comparison to the discipline of science. Saatchi & Saatchi were responsible for the successful Labour isnt working campaign referendum! Conservative vote ( down 16 points ) parliamentary powers to Scotland of pandering to racism all major. No, in federal elections in the Conservative campaign of recovering the economy and reducing the power of trade.... The first election where parties focused on curbing inflation and committing to full employment politics lesson Edexcel! He intended was, therefore, at 05:51. science the 1979 general election to feature Wakeman... 25 and under, and particularly working in large capitals front 1979 general election voting behaviour gender.... Callaghan was, therefore, at his most popular in 1978, making this an time! David Steel of the Establishment and as out of touch with working-class needs the. Manifesto, the Labour government relied campaign focused on earning the votes of traditional Labour voters, and polls. Everything you need for your studies in one place February 1963 political science or commit one is 1979! Also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this.. Of government in the United Kingdom following four changes of government in the gender gap in elections... Basic functionalities and security features of the Establishment and as out of touch with working-class needs 's coverage Britain... Use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website a election! Auf dem richtigen Kurs mit deinen persnlichen Lernstatistiken rule of law parties morning. However, the Labour Party they did not tell the tale he intended your browser only your. Policy not directly related to the Winter of Discontent led to the 1974 general election took place on May.
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