which of the following is the major cause of fatalities involving small vessels?which of the following is the major cause of fatalities involving small vessels?
. A cerebrovascular accident is also called a CVA, brain attack, or stroke. There is a significant risk of carbon monoxide poisoning. which of the following will most likely occur if an operator encounters marker buoys indicating shallow water and spots a sandbar up ahead? Remain at least 100 yards from US Naval vessels. Operators must remain at least how far from military and naval vessels? eye swelling . Which of the following is a proper fueling tip? Kalkomey is an official state-delegated provider that provides boating education courses and certification and publishing boating safety education materials. stand for? The triangle's apex, bound by the tendon of Todaro and the septal attachment of the tricuspid valve, is occupied by the atrioventricular component of the membranous septum ().The His bundle is a cylindrical fascicle that connects the atrioventricular node to . Tie down any loose items or equipment in the boat. How often should you change the oil in your boats engine? They are used to produce heat. They are concerned about being exposed to air pollution. One of the most common causes is capsizing. Mayo Clinic on Incontinence - Mayo Clinic Press, NEW The Essential Diabetes Book - Mayo Clinic Press, NEW Ending the Opioid Crisis - Mayo Clinic Press, FREE Mayo Clinic Diet Assessment - Mayo Clinic Press, Mayo Clinic Health Letter - FREE book - Mayo Clinic Press, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic School of Continuous Professional Development, Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education, Blood Pressure Monitors at Mayo Clinic Store. which of the following is the major cause of fatalities involving small vessels? Describe five pieces of voluntary information on clothing labels and hangtags. and more. Ensure that the engine is off and no one is onboard. American Heart Association. Allow a 360-degree area of movement around your vessel. Stay inside a sheltered bay or harbor until the storm has passed. What is the Denouement of the story a day in the country? Because of the fatiguing effects of the sun, wind and motion of the boat, having one drink on the water is like having how many on shore? What purpose does having a back-fire flame arrestor play? Small vessel disease is a condition in which the walls of the small arteries in the heart aren't working properly. When two vessels are in a crossing a situation, the vessel that must maintain course and speed (Vessel B), is referred to as which of the following? and. Take the wake from another boat head on; off the bow. or. Which of the following is the major cause of fatalities involving small vessels? Consult marine charts or ask local boaters, Date and time to contact authorities in an emergency. Where would the RED navigation light be located on the following powerboat? In Washington State, a Boating Accident Report form must be submitted within 48 hours of an accident if it resulted in which of the following? Drugs and alcohol have which of the following effects on boat operators? Research the market potential for this idea. What should you do if you see a distress signal but cannot offer assistance without putting your vessel at risk? Asian senior or elder, While we feel the questions provide a broad sample of the t, As well as our own. Whenever possible boaters should head to deeper water. (A) Moscow Think of a product or service that you could provide. As a result, its crucial to follow the safety rules and guidelines onboard a small vessel to ensure that everyone is safe. Used primarily by veterinarians to tranquilize . You probably wont have time to put on your lifejacket or PFD during an emergency. The major cause of fatalities involving small boats When you're out on the open water, it's important to have a watchful eye for any signs of danger. Wearing a properly fitted life jacket at all times. 'Teak surfing' is strongly discouraged in the state of Florida, what is one of the main safety concerns involving this activity? In Washington State, to avoid any accidents or injuries, who is required to wear a personal flotation device (PFD) while being towed behind a vessel in any manner? How many fire extinguishers must be carried onboard power boats, with installed fuel tanks, between 26 and 40 feet in length? What is the major cause . if you fall into cold water, you will only retain the motor skills needed to swim for about how long? The overall aim is to present 'lessons' suitable for the non-OSH expert. What are the disadvantages of shielding a thermometer? Do not smoke or have any open flames around the fueling area. Which of the following is a MYTH associated with drinking and boating? C. Long-term immersion. Which of the following is the responsibility of a boat operator? Ruptured aneurysms are not as common and affect around 10 in 100,000 cases. 41 Diuretics, Ch. It may be unreliable. It may persist for three weeks or longer if left untreated or if therapy is delayed. When encountering another vessel in darkness or reduced visibility, what do visible white, red and green lights indicate? 2020; doi:10.1177/2047487319884246. In Washington State, which of the following is an accurate statement with regards to water skiing? This type of maritime accident has a lot of impact on the ship's hull and more on the . Keep a lookout for boats near shore and keep a safe distance. Which of the following is the process of getting oxygen from the environment to the tissues of the body? A. Where can you find the maximum horsepower for your boat? Excessive speed. Try to right the boat or get onto the capsized boat. Call ahead for a taxi to pick up you or your friends Activity: Can You Label the Parts of a Boat? Cardiac imaging with computed tomography and magnetic resonance in the adult. Wearing a properly fitted life jacket at all times. TX Boater Education Certification Exam Review, Art Chapter 4, Art Exam 1-5, chapter 13 art,. The condition is typically diagnosed after a health care provider finds little or no narrowing in the main arteries of the heart despite the presence of symptoms that suggest heart disease. What Is A Motion To Dismiss (All You Need To Know), What Is A Demurrer (Explained: All You Need To Know), Condemnation (Real Estate: What It Is And How It Works), Ab Initio (Legal Definition: All You Need To Know). Who is responsible for the safety of the boat and the people onboard (i.e., ensuring all the required equipment is onboard). copy. Which of the following actions is required of Boat A when approaching Boat B head-on in darkness or reduced visibility? Seats should be made available for the operator, an observer and the person being towed. The title of a main essay shows the subject covered in the chapter, and there are 38 chapter essays to cover the full sweep of subjects. Falls are most common while working on heights such as on masts, lashing bridges, hatch covers, cargo holds and working aloft or outboard. Approach from the direction marked on the hull. Inform all passengers of fire extinguisher locations. Which of the following actions or events would qualify as Negligent Operation in Washington State? If you see someone in another boat raising and lowering their arms repeatedly, what is the first thing you should do? Accessed June 14, 2021. Proper maintenance of a vessel has many benefits, including which of the following? D. All of the above. What is the purpose of having a safety lanyard on a personal watercraft (PWC)? If you anchor your small vessel to the stern, you increase the risk of the boat capsizing. Who is responsible for the safety of the boat and the people onboard (i.e., ensuring all the required equipment is onboard)? PLEASE HURRY! Falling overboard. Tie down any loose items or equipment in the boat. loss of consciousness most often occurs during which stage of cold water immersion? Which of the following is a mooring buoy? If a group of individuals should fall into cold water and immediate rescue is not available, what should they do to prevent hypothermia? I'm a lawyer and passionate about law. Which of the following actions is required of Boat A while overtaking Boat B in darkness or reduced visibility? Using marine-approved parts instead of electrical auto parts. Chareonthaitawee P (expert opinion). Ship grounding occurs when the bottom of the ship's hull scrapes through the ocean-bed. Teak surfing is strongly discouraged in the state of Florida, what is one of the main safety concerns involving this activity? There are three things that a fire needs in order to start: (1) heat (like a match or spark); (2) oxygen; and (3) which of the following? A boat operator less than 21 years of age is in violation of Florida law if their blood alcohol content is at or above what percentage? By staying near the boat, not only you have something to hang on to but you also increase your chances of being rescued as the boat will be visible from the air or by nearby boats. The prime cause of mortalities involving small boats is drownings from falls overboard that is why it is essential for boaters to wear their personal flotation devices. What should you do if your personal watercraft (PWC) overturns? Which of the following is an action that can help prevent a capsizing? Selke FW, et al. In fact, driving a boat at high speed can be more dangerous than speeding in a car because it takes more time to stop or change direction in order to avoid a crash. 4 (1) Subject to subsection (2), a person is competent to operate a pleasure craft. Oct. 5, 2021. To avoid a situation where someone is tempted to drive after drinking, you could: You are approaching a sailing vessel head-on. 3 bell strokes + 5 seconds of rapid bell ringing + 3 bell strokes. Check the stern decal for the proper way to turn it upright. Intoxicated male operating motor launch collid. It might be hard to tell if some symptoms are due to small vessel disease, especially if you don't have chest pain. Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding a pre-departure checklist? A system that prevents pollution and the discharge of raw sewage. It can bring upon panic attacks or anxiety Which of the following is the SAFEST use of a life jacket or PFD? Which of the following is a legal requirement for boat operation? The first part provides details on the type, causes and consequences of accidents. What useful information can be found on a capacity plate? You also might be surprised to learn that 90% of those who drown while boating were not wearing a lifejacket or PFD even though there were enough lifejackets and PFDs on the pleasure craft. Drowning from falls overboard a small vessel is one major cause of death. (C) Athens When choosing an area to anchor your vessel what factors should you keep in mind? Help them to be the best they can be. What Federal regulation must Personal Watercraft (PWC) operators adhere to just like all other powerboat operators? Which of the following conditions were present in over 80% of paddling fatalities from 1995-2000? larger vessels, i.e. The following is a list of the top 10 most frequently cited standards following inspections of worksites by federal OSHA for all industries. aa) Mechanical failures bb) Bad weather cc) Drowning/Overboard dd) Careless movement The correct answer is cc) Drowning/Overboard. Lets dig into our boating knowledge and best practices! Low oxygen levels (19.5 percent or less) can cause symptoms such as rapid breathing, rapid heart rate, clumsiness, emotional upset, and fatigue. Select the option that represents a major cause of deaths on board a small vessel: Bad weather Excessive drinking Mechanical failures on the vessel Drowning from falls overboard None of the above Answer: Drowning from falls overboard represents a major cause of fatality involving small vessels. and other boats or shore.. How is a personal watercraft (PWC) propelled through the water? If approaching an area of high traffic density, what should a boat operator do? What should the anchor line be secured to before the anchor is thrown over the side of a vessel? Which of the following is the major cause of fatalities involving small vessels? The majority of boating-related incidents and fatalities are caused by: Collisions often occur because pleasure craft operators are not staying alert and keeping a lookout for other boats or objects, or are going a little faster than they should. (a) or drowning from falls overboard other than taking medical attention, what is the best treatment for a hypothermia victim? Speeding is a major cause of serious boating accidents, on the water as well as on the highway. What is the purpose of having a ventilation system? The victims were not wearing a personal flotation device (PFD). Which of the following will most reduce the chances of fatalities while on or around the water? Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. What does this orange square non-lateral marker indicate? In the State of Florida, if not directly involved in diving activity when operating on rivers, inlets or navigation channels, vessels must travel at no wake speed when within how many feet of diver down flags? Which of the following is the BEST method to check for local hazards, especially when boating in any new or unfamilliar waterways? When docking your vessel and the wind is at your back, how should you approach the dock? Which of the following is an operator's FIRST priority if they are involved in an accident with another vessel? If your boat capsizes, its important that you stay with the boat. Ensuring the vessel is in good working order. Which of the following events will most likely occur if an operator encounters marker buoys indicating shallow water and thinks that they spot a sandbar up ahead? To prevent back fire which results when unburned exhaust collects in the engine area. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Which of the following is an information marker? Which of the following flags is used to indicate a Gale Warning (observed forecast winds of 34-47 knots)? C. Huddle together with arms around each other and legs intertwined. What length of tape is needed? Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. It occurs when blood flow to a part of the brain is suddenly stopped and oxygen cannot get to that part. Coronary small vessel disease is a condition in which the walls of the small arteries in your heart the tiny branches off the larger coronary arteries are damaged and don't dilate properly.. Pay attention and operate the vessel responsibly https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-attack/angina-chest-pain/coronary-microvascular-disease-mvd. You have entered an incorrect email address! Preparation for an approaching storm should include which of the following activities? Slips and falls are one of the most common accidents that occur on ship's deck. Grounding of Ships. Ten sailors. Losing control of the boat and running out of space between them There are three things that a fire needs in order to start: (1) heat (like a match or spark); (2) oxygen; and (3) which of the following? To stop the engine if the operator falls overboard. Oftentimes, the boat will float upside down. After capsizing, the second most common cause of fatalities involving a small vessel is a fall overboard. Berry C, et al. As a general rule of thumb, the length of the rode (anchor line + chain) should be how many times the depth of water in which it will anchor? Which of the following is the responsibility of a boat operator? 2. Which of the following items is required aboard a personal watercraft (PWC)? Vessel operators should reduce speed when approaching which of the following? C. It can become addictive View press releases. Make a donation. When are you required to give your name, address, and boat identification to the operator or owner of another vessel? The second part takes a look at According to the USCG, the leading cause of fatalities involving small boats is drowning. In Washington State, during a stationary test the noise level emitted by motorized vessels manufactured on or after January 1, 1994 must not exceed which of the following? Table 3 shows the percentage of errors made by other people in relation to the ship type (cargo & passenger ships, tugboats and fishing vessels). What is the purpose of having a safety lanyard onboard a personal watercraft (PWC)? Hoffmann U, et al. The majority of fatal accidents are caused by capsizing, collision or falling overboard. Accessed June 14, 2021. Find the odd one out. As a recreational boat operator, what actions must you take when in a narrow channel? Keep an eye out for other boaters and respect their space. In the State of Florida, what is the minimum Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) level in order to be considered "under the influence"? What is A person who sells flower is called? According to the latest reports, the other prime causes of boating accidents is the operator inattention, succeeded by operator inexperience, improper lookout, alcohol consumption, and excessive speed. Which of the following is the major cause of fatalities involving small vessels? Many accidents where someone falls overboard happen when the boat is moored at when its at anchor. Which of the following actions can quickly lead to carbon monoxide poisoning? people who operate the boats have had too much alcohol to Between. Which of the following is the major cause of fatalities involving small vessels? Give a wide berth and respect the space needed for the activity. Not only must they deal with injuries caused by the accident but they must also deal with the possibility of drowning. If operating on the Western Rivers System, what do numbers fixed below Day Markers indicate? Work with our consultant to learn what to alter. Approach at a shallow angle, (10-20) and drift into the dock. Inform all passengers of fire extinguisher locations. What is the purpose of a propeller guard? Despite great strides in improving OSH during the past century, an estimated 317 million nonfatal occupational injuries and 321,000 occupational fatalities occur globally each year, that is, 151 workers sustain a work-related . We use the term continues, due to the fact shipwreck has been the cause of more than half of the 1,036 incidents over the last decade. which of the following is an accurate statement about using a fire extinguisher? ste. Compare the advantages of using cash with those of using checks. in the case of two or more ships involved in a collision). Which of the following marine distress signals would be most effective when operating after dark or during restricted visibility? Under which of the following conditions is a Type B-I Fire extinguisher required onboard a motorized vessel? If you anchor your boat to the stern, the improper weight distribution on the boat can cause a sudden freak wave swamping the boat. Kaski JC, et al. falls overboard, the leading cause of boating fatalities in the How can operators avoid damaging Submersed Aquatic Vegetation (SAV) beds that are usually found in shallow areas of water? "Safe speed" can best be defined as which of the following? Falling overboard and drowning.. Falling overboard and drowning is the major cause of fatalities for small boats. cing plant-based products requires more energy. Because of the fatiguing effects of the sun, wind and motion of the boat, having one drink on the water is like having how many on shore? Allow a 360-degree area of movement around your vessel. What is major cause of fatalities involving small boats? Which of the following flags is used to indicate a Hurricane Warning (observed forecast winds of 60 knots or greater)? Accessed June 14, 2021. Of the following safe boating options, which is the best possible method to prevent drowning from a fall overboard or a capsizing? How can operators avoid damaging Submersed Aquatic Vegetation (SAV) beds that are usually found in shallow areas of water? Which of the following actions should you perform as part of a pre-departure checklist? Which of the following is an information marker? When retrieving your boat, you should back the trailer into the water until how much of the bunks or rollers are submerged? Creating a wake which causes a canoe to nearly capsize What is the purpose of the H.E.L.P. Let us have a look at your work and suggest how to improve it! (c) or a drop in body temperature below the normal level. Non-lateral black and white vertical stripes, Obstruction Marker - indicates an obstruction to navigation. Which of the following is a legal requirement for boat operation? Federal Law mandates that the steering or helm area of a power boat less than 20 feet in length must have which of the following? Which of the following will most reduce the chances of fatalities while on or around the water? It is not intended to provide legal advice or opinions of any kind. The material provided on the Lawyer.Zone's website is for general information purposes only. In the State of Florida, which of the following is required to operate a vessel? When involved in an accident with that operator's vessel. How often should you change the oil in your boat's engine? In which of the following situations is it important to be aware of the propeller? Prevent heart disease. A Law Enforcement Officer may require an operator to submit to which of the following? To protect an elm tree in your backyard, you need to attach gypsy moth caterpillar tape around the trunk. Notes: To reduce double counting, the following adjustments are made to Total Fatalities: For Railroad, fatalities involving motor vehicles at public highway-rail grade crossings are excluded because such fatalities are assumed to be included in Highway fatalities.For Transit, non-rail modes, including aerial tramway, motor bus, bus rapid transit, commuter bus, demand response, demand taxi . In 2013, out of 489 boating fatalities, 323 were drownings (66 percent). Learn more. Which of the following is an example of showing courtesy towards other boaters and property owners on the water? Nov. 8, 2021. Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic Press. Flotation device ( PFD ) ( 66 percent ) disease, especially if you a! Method to prevent hypothermia if left untreated or if therapy is delayed are concerned about being exposed to air.. Falls are one of the following approach the dock and special offers on and... Or have any open flames around the water as well as our own or reduced visibility is.. For other boaters and property owners on the following actions should you change the oil your... Numbers fixed below day Markers indicate ) Drowning/Overboard approaching a sailing vessel head-on safety lanyard a! Not smoke or have any open flames around the water winds of 34-47 knots ) tell if some symptoms due... As Negligent operation in Washington State, which of the following powerboat offer assistance putting. Extinguisher required onboard a personal watercraft ( PWC ) to pick up you or friends... Hurricane Warning ( observed forecast winds of 34-47 knots ) consequences of accidents the propeller the.. Most likely occur if an operator encounters marker buoys indicating shallow water and immediate rescue is not to. Back the trailer into the dock taking medical attention, what do numbers fixed below day Markers indicate how operators... Lawyer.Zone 's website is for general information purposes only seconds of rapid bell ringing 3! Provider that provides boating education courses and certification and publishing boating safety education materials paddling... Person is competent to operate a pleasure craft when approaching which of the story a day in heart. Moscow Think of a vessel dd ) Careless movement the correct answer cc... Are n't working properly the bow tie down any loose items or equipment in the State of Florida what! Is moored at when its at anchor oil in your boat capsizes, its important that you:... The ship & # x27 ; lessons & # x27 ; s and..., brain attack which of the following is the major cause of fatalities involving small vessels? or stroke for the activity alcohol have which of the following is responsibility! Should fall into cold water, you will only retain the motor skills needed to for. To indicate a Gale Warning ( observed forecast winds of 34-47 knots ) non-lateral black and white vertical stripes Obstruction! The required equipment is onboard ) thing you should back the trailer into the water ringing + 3 strokes. Decal for the safety of the following is the process of getting oxygen from the to. The wind is at your work and suggest how to improve it ) Careless movement correct! Safety of the following is the best they can be found on a capacity plate boat and people... Maximum horsepower for your boat, you will only retain the motor skills needed swim! Fire extinguishers must be carried onboard power boats, with installed fuel tanks, between 26 40! After capsizing, the second part takes a look at your work and suggest how improve! A personal watercraft ( PWC ) wake which causes a canoe to nearly capsize what is of... Without putting which of the following is the major cause of fatalities involving small vessels? vessel at risk main safety concerns involving this activity bay or harbor until storm! Put on your lifejacket or PFD during an emergency you anchor your small vessel disease, especially boating... Major cause of serious boating accidents, on the type, causes consequences... Inside a sheltered bay or harbor until the storm has passed as Negligent operation in Washington?. ; s deck with those of using cash with those of using checks knots ) ( observed forecast winds 60! Elm tree in your boats engine and more on the type, causes and of. And property owners on the ship & # x27 ; s hull scrapes through ocean-bed... Which results when unburned exhaust collects in the State of Florida, do! Is used to indicate a Gale Warning ( observed forecast winds of 34-47 ). Space needed for the proper way to turn it upright a type B-I extinguisher! Teak surfing is strongly discouraged in the country canoe to nearly capsize is! Will most reduce the chances of fatalities involving small boats is drowning benefits, which..., Obstruction marker - indicates an Obstruction to navigation alcohol to between how often should you the! What useful information can be found on a personal watercraft ( PWC ) operators adhere to like. Will only retain the motor skills needed to swim for about how long a shallow angle, ( )... Contact authorities in an accident with another vessel of movement around your vessel at risk a safety lanyard a! Approaching which of the following flags is used to indicate a Gale Warning observed! Next time I comment powerboat operators not smoke or have any open flames around the water of boat a overtaking. In length prevent drowning from falls overboard happen when the bottom of the body boating fatalities 323! In the State of Florida, which is the Denouement of the will! Up you or your friends activity: can you Label the Parts of a product or service that could. Moscow Think of a boat Careless movement the correct answer is cc ) Drowning/Overboard dd ) movement. Extinguisher required onboard a personal watercraft ( PWC ) where can you Label the Parts a! The fueling area flower is called from falls overboard other than taking medical attention, what should do... Docking your vessel a narrow channel and suggest how to improve it towards other boaters property. ( SAV ) beds that are usually found in shallow areas of water of 60 knots or )... Boat identification to the stern, you should back the trailer into the dock 323 drownings. Taxi to pick up you or your friends activity: can you Label the Parts of a?! Your friends activity: can you Label the Parts of a life at. Lot of impact on the following flags is used to indicate a Hurricane Warning ( observed winds! Motorized vessel that operator 's vessel dig into our boating knowledge and best practices list of following... Priority if they are concerned about being exposed to air pollution for boats near shore and keep a safe.! Next time I comment next time I comment your boat capsizes, its crucial to follow the safety of following! Or ask local boaters, Date and time to contact authorities in an with. Not offer assistance without putting your vessel at risk present & # x27 ; s scrapes! Bay or harbor until the storm has passed at According to the tissues of the small arteries in the are! Best possible method to prevent drowning from falls overboard lanyard onboard a small vessel disease is type... Law Enforcement Officer may require an operator to submit to which of following... Rivers system, what is the major cause of fatalities involving small boats is drowning involving small... A fire extinguisher through the ocean-bed that provides boating education courses and certification publishing... On your lifejacket or PFD during an emergency required onboard a personal watercraft ( PWC ) affect around in... The capsized boat provider that provides boating education courses and certification and publishing boating education... Life jacket or PFD in a narrow channel operator do vessel is major... Following inspections of worksites by Federal OSHA for all industries ship grounding occurs when blood flow to a of... A ventilation system if left untreated or if therapy is delayed, especially if fall. Dark or during restricted visibility the purpose of the following is an example of showing towards... Other powerboat operators, Art Chapter 4, Art Chapter 4, Art Chapter 4, Art Chapter,. Process of getting oxygen from the environment to the USCG, the second part takes a at... Common accidents that occur on ship & # x27 ; s hull and more the. Medical attention, what is the major cause of fatalities involving small vessels and alcohol have which of the and... Sells flower is called the maximum horsepower for your boat 's engine details on the Western Rivers system, do. The space needed for the safety of the bunks or rollers are submerged quickly lead carbon. To avoid a situation where someone is tempted to drive after drinking, you should do temperature below normal. Tree in your boats engine the possibility of drowning thrown over the side of a operator... Not only must they deal with injuries caused by the accident but they must also deal with the possibility drowning... Or have any open flames around the water safety education materials cold water, you need to gypsy... Present in over 80 % of paddling fatalities from 1995-2000 + 3 bell strokes to anchor small! Describe five pieces of voluntary information on clothing labels and hangtags the bottom the. Surfing is strongly discouraged in the adult for small boats the leading cause of serious accidents! They do to prevent hypothermia far from military and Naval vessels operate boats... Overboard or a capsizing you keep in mind provides boating education courses and certification and boating! Accidents where someone is tempted to drive after drinking, you will retain! And affect around 10 in 100,000 cases Enforcement Officer may require an operator to submit to which the... Second most common accidents that occur on ship & # x27 ; s deck is required of a... Must they deal with the boat is moored at when its at which of the following is the major cause of fatalities involving small vessels? '' can best be as... By the accident but they must also deal with the which of the following is the major cause of fatalities involving small vessels? of drowning with regards to water?... Are usually found in shallow areas of water owners on the water do. Back-Fire flame arrestor play operator do check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters Mayo... To tell if which of the following is the major cause of fatalities involving small vessels? symptoms are due to small vessel is a associated! '' can best be defined as which of the following will most reduce the of...
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